Communicable and non-communicable disease. Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists). The immune system: white blood cells, antibodies, antitoxins, vaccination. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol, exercise, diet. Public health and prevention. Medical interventions.
Tested by
- Edexcel IGCSE Human Biology — 12. Disease
- Edexcel IGCSE Combined Science — Biology (Infection and response)
- AQA GCSE Combined Science Trilogy — Biology (Infection and response)
Cornerstone link
The strand most directly tied to public-health and self-care literacy. Nutrition and Rest both inform lifestyle-and-health framing. RSHE Health Education content overlaps significantly here.